Runny nose in dogs: causes, symptoms and warning signs

Sneezing and clear nasal discharge can occur with mild irritation. Discharge that is one-sided, pus-like or bloody may instead indicate foreign bodies, dental problems, fungal disease or other serious causes.

Inflammation of the nasal lining is called rhinitis. Acute cases may be associated with viral infections. Bacteria often occur additionally. Other possible causes include smoke and irritants, foreign bodies, parasites, tooth-root problems, chronic inflammation, fungal diseases or tumours.

A human runny nose therefore cannot simply be equated with a dog's symptoms. The term cold also says nothing about the actual cause.

Sudden violent sneezing with one-sided discharge can fit a foreign body. Bloody, foul-smelling or persistent discharge should always be examined.

Open-mouth breathing without heat, laboured breathing, blue-grey mucous membranes, collapse or heavy bleeding are emergency signs. Rapid help is also important if the dog becomes very lethargic, barely drinks or is a puppy.

With mild symptoms, keep your dog warm and dry. Avoid smoke, fragrance sprays and essential oils. Do not use human nasal sprays or cold medicines. Some contain ingredients that may be poisonous to dogs.

While an infectious cause is possible, avoid close contact with unfamiliar dogs and shared bowls. Inform the training school, carer or boarding kennel. Based on the course and examination, your vet decides whether further tests such as imaging or nasal endoscopy are necessary.

Smell plays a major role in appetite. If your dog eats less, document the amount and talk to your vet. Gently warming a suitable food may enhance its smell, but does not replace an examination. Persistent appetite loss can lead to weakness and weight loss.

Note: breathing difficulty, bloody discharge or persistent one-sided symptoms need prompt veterinary assessment.