PET42 guide
Osteoarthritis in dogs: recognise signs and maintain mobility
Stiffness, shorter steps and less enthusiasm for walks may signal osteoarthritis. Learn about veterinary care, suitable exercise and weight management.
Osteoarthritis is a progressive joint disease that does not only affect elderly dogs. Cold does not cause it, but slippery paths and reduced activity can make symptoms more apparent in winter.
What osteoarthritis means
In osteoarthritis, joint cartilage changes, its shock-absorbing function declines, and inflammation and pain develop. The disease may occur after injuries, with abnormal alignment or alongside other orthopaedic problems. Excess weight increases mechanical strain and can further restrict mobility.
Early signs are easily missed
Dogs often do not express pain by yelping. Watch for:
- Stiffness after getting up
- Slow stair climbing
- Hesitation before jumping into the car
- Shorter steps
- Lameness after exercise
- Less enthusiasm for long walks
- Frequent position changes when lying down
- Licking a joint
- Irritable behaviour when touched
Muscle loss and a changed posture may also be noticeable. Examination matters because cruciate ligament problems, spinal conditions or other sources of pain can look similar.
Movement remains important
Complete rest often leads to further muscle loss. Regular, controlled sessions matched to your dog's capacity are better. Several shorter walks may be preferable to one very long weekend outing. On ice, cleared paths, good lighting and, if necessary, non-slip dog boots help. Indoors, runners can provide grip on smooth floors.
Physiotherapy and targeted muscle building may form part of the treatment plan. Intensity and exercises should be adjusted professionally. Sudden sprints, sharp turns and jumps are unsuitable for some dogs.
Pain medication only under a veterinary plan
Veterinary medicines can control pain and inflammation effectively. They must be selected appropriately and monitored. Never give ibuprofen, diclofenac, naproxen or other human painkillers on your own initiative. Over-the-counter supplements are not automatically effective or safe either.
Body weight is a key factor
For overweight dogs, slow, controlled weight loss can relieve the joints. This requires a realistic target amount, precisely weighed portions and an honest treat tally. Chews and training rewards count too.
A complete food should meet nutrient requirements. Joint supplements do not replace diagnosis, pain treatment or weight management. With existing illnesses, every supplement should be discussed with your vet.
Note: sudden severe lameness, inability to stand or obvious pain require prompt veterinary examination.
Sources
- Reference: Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine: Osteoarthritis
- Reference: Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine: NSAID Medication Guide for Animals
- Reference: Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine: Winter safety tips
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