Ear infections in dogs: recognise signs and prevent recurrence

Head shaking, ear scratching and brown discharge often prompt owners to seek advice. However, allergies, parasites, foreign bodies, bacteria or yeast may underlie an ear infection. It often returns unless the cause is identified.

Inflammation of the outer ear canal can affect one or both ears. Possible signs include:

Severe pain, balance problems, staggering or unusual eye movements may indicate involvement of deeper parts of the ear and need prompt examination.

Vinegar, alcohol, oils, herbal drops or unsuitable cleaners can further damage irritated skin. If the eardrum is injured, some products must not enter the ear canal. Cotton buds often push material deeper inside and may cause injuries.

Your vet examines the ear canal and eardrum. A discharge sample can show whether bacteria, yeast or other changes are present. A sudden problem in only one ear also raises the possibility of a foreign body.

Ear infections often involve several factors. Allergies may alter the skin barrier, while bacteria or yeast worsen inflammation. Ear mites, moisture, narrow ear canals and foreign bodies are other possibilities. Treating only the discharge without considering the trigger makes recurrence likely.

With recurring infections, the whole medical history should be considered. Itching of the paws, abdomen or face, seasonal symptoms and digestive problems may provide additional clues. A food allergy cannot be proven solely by a blood test or frequent changes of food. In suitable cases, a controlled elimination diet is planned with a vet.

Healthy ears do not automatically need frequent cleaning. Clean only as advised and with a suitable product. Gently dry the outer ears after bathing or swimming. Do not pluck hair from the ear canal without a reason, as this can also irritate it.

Food may contribute in some dogs, but it is not the cause of every ear infection. A structured approach prevents unnecessary changes. Record food, treats, medicines and symptoms. If a diet trial starts, chews and flavoured medicines or supplements must also be considered.

Note: painful, smelly or weeping ears should be examined by a vet. Do not put home remedies in the ear canal.