Bladder infections in dogs: recognise signs and get proper tests

Frequent small amounts of urine, straining and blood in urine fit a bladder infection, but can also occur with urinary stones or an obstruction. Cold alone does not prove an infection.

Some dogs also seem restless or eat less. If an infection ascends towards the kidneys, fever, vomiting, lethargy and pain may develop.

A dog that repeatedly strains and passes no or almost no urine must go immediately to a veterinary clinic. A urethral blockage can become life-threatening. This is especially true with obvious pain, a hard abdomen, vomiting or weakness.

Symptoms alone cannot reliably distinguish a bacterial infection from stones, tumours, inflammation without bacteria or other problems. Urinalysis can reveal blood, inflammatory cells and crystals, among other findings. A urine culture can confirm the organism and identify a suitable antibiotic.

For the least contaminated sample possible, urine is often collected directly from the bladder at the practice. Depending on medical history, ultrasound, X-rays or blood tests may be necessary.

Do not give leftover antibiotics or human painkillers. Incorrect antibiotic use promotes resistance and can complicate later diagnostic testing. Cranberry, herbal blends or home remedies do not replace examination and are not suitable for every dog.

Fresh water should always be available. Some dogs take in more water with wet food or soaked dry food. With urinary stones, however, appropriate nutrition depends on stone type and laboratory findings. Blanket acidification or mineral reduction can be wrong.

Measure water intake and urine output if your vet requests it. Markedly increased thirst can also indicate other diseases and should not simply be dismissed as a response to dry indoor heating air.

Note: straining without passing urine is an immediate emergency. Blood in urine and recurring symptoms need veterinary examination.